There is never a reason to use `sudo` with `npm`

There is never a reason to use sudo npm. #

It is is fair to assume that all Node.js developers have seen npm install return exit code 1 at the worst possible time. Maybe there is absolutely no time left to see it through the right way?

The error seems cryptic, and maybe contains an EACESS which surely is permissions related. What could really go wrong if I sprinkled a little sudo on top?

Surely some may just not know how dangerous 3 words can be.

Warning #

do not run these commands

sudo npm install

sudo npm run dev

sudo npm run build

// the list goes on...

To explain this to non technical users, this is equivalent to saying:

I want to download hundreds of thousands of lines of contributed code from the internet with FULL administrator permission on my device.

I will execute that code multiple times, sometimes leaving it running.

I will input data into that code that could be private, keys, passwords, licenses, or even proprietary / client data.

So obviously that is not good.

Well how do I fix the error then? #

Every scenario is different and could call for a different approach. The first thing I typically do when debugging Node.js dependency related issues,

What if I've already used sudo with npm? #

Well...

That is why we don't ever use sudo when working with package managers.

*In this example I only used npm, but there are hundreds of package managers in the software development sphere. This same concept also applies to yarn and pnpm. These package managers are the most popular in the Node.js world. *

Update! A highly anticipated pacakge manager was released this year, bun_. This security warning also applies to_ bun as well.